Audio Lingual Method free essay sample

Look into the Direct Method and the Audio-Lingual Method. (1) Both are oral-based methodologies. (2) The Direct Method underlines jargon procurement through introduction to its utilization in circumstances; the Audio-Lingual Method drills understudies in the utilization of syntactic sentence designs. (3) Unlike the Direct Method, the Audio-Lingual Method has a solid hypothetical base in semantics and brain research. 2-How has the social brain research affected the Audio-Lingual Method? It was felt that the best approach to gain the sentence examples of the objective language was through conditioningâ€helping students to react accurately to boosts through forming and fortification. (2) Learners could conquer the propensities for their local language and structure the new propensities required to be target language speakers. 3-Define a retrogressive develop drill (extension drill). Express its motivation and points of interest. (1) Definition: The instructor separates a line into a few sections. The understudies rehash a piece of the sentence, for the most part the last expression of the line. The creator likewise puts out her suggestions for the utilization of the ALM in the second language study hall. 2. 1 HISTORY By the main portion of the twentieth century, the Direct Method had lost its notoriety in the U. S. In any case, it is accepted that the decrease of the Direct Method achieved the rise of the ALM. As Brown (2001) puts it: â€Å" by the center of the twentieth century, the Direct Method was restored and diverted into what was presumably the most obvious of all language educating â€Å"revolutions† in the cutting edge time, the Audio-lingual Method. † The U. S. instructive establishments at the time despite everything accepted that a perusing approach like the Grammar Translation Method was more viable than an oral one. Thusly the 1930s and 1940s saw the Grammar Translation Method going solid in all schools over the U. S. Be that as it may, after World War II, the U. S. saw a dire requirement for her to be orally capable in the language of her partners just as enemies. This prompted an extreme change in 4 the current perspective on language educating from a unimportant perusing way to deal with one with a heavier accentuation on aural and oral aptitudes. Extraordinary serious language programs were created by the U. S. armed force which came to be known as the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP), or all the more basically, the Army Method. During the 1950s, the Army Method was renamed the Audiolingual Method. 3. 1 PRINCIPLES OF ALM A portion of the fundamental standards of language learning in the ALM are expressed by Alkhuli 2005 (as refered to by Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim in the International Forum of Teaching and Studies). One of these standards is that the subsequent language learning procedure ought to be like that of first language securing. This consents to the common request of language realizing which is tuning in, talking, perusing lastly, composing. It is accepted that the student initially figures out how to talk what he has tuned in to, at that point read what he has spoken, and compose what he has perused. Hence, the ALM underscores on tuning in and talking abilities so as to encourage the advancement of perusing and composing aptitudes other than expanding open competency. Another rule is that the subsequent language is best obtained by propensity development. A propensity is made when an activity is rehashed and is in this way created 5 in light of specific upgrades nearly without cognizant movement. This is accomplished by means of the dull example rehearses that are a vital part of the ALM. Interpretation of the objective language into the local language is viewed as hurtful and will upset procurement of the subsequent language. Such interpretations are accepted to hinder the authority or control of the subsequent language. At the point when the objective language is utilized in all conditions in the study hall, students figure out how to make direct associations between the jargon and its semantics in the objective language itself, which is perfect for viable second language learning. In any case, these standards are simply suspicions. Counter-contentions include: second language taking in is totally not the same as local language procurement in a wide range of viewpoints. Likewise, the normal request of language discovering that the ALM weights on is immaterial in light of the fact that the four language abilities can be grown at the same time as opposed to successively. The learning of a subsequent language isn't really a procedure of propensity development where reactions are evoked by boosts, yet in addition includes the subjective. At last, interpretation into the local language has demonstrated a valuable procedure without a doubt in learning a subsequent language, showed in strategies, for example, the Grammar Translation Method. 4. 1 MAIN FEATURES As previously mentioned, the ALM follows the regular request of language learning. The utilization of dull drills is defended in forming another â€Å"habit† for learning the second 6 language. Improvements reactions are normal and right ones are promptly fortified as molding, simultaneous with the perspectives on social brain research. The local language additionally assumes an insignificant job in the ALM. Just the objective language is utilized inside the study hall by both educator and students. New material in the objective language is likewise presented in exchange structure, nearest to a characteristic situational setting for students to increase informative ability and aptitudes. Demonstrating is finished by the instructor whereby a specific structure of sentence is spoken and students rehash the sentence, emulating its sound examples and inflection, and focusing on indistinguishable quality. Slips in learners’ way to express words in the sentence are quickly adjusted by the instructor to maintain a strategic distance from development of â€Å"bad habits†. Punctuation rules are not educated unequivocally however are relied upon to be actuated by the students through the different models and examples that are presented to them during the exercise. Contrastive examinations are likewise done between the local language and the objective language so as to cause learner’s to notice contrasts in example, structure and sound arrangement of the two dialects. 5. 1 TECHNIQUES There are numerous procedures utilized in the homeroom that advocate the basic standards (or suspicions) of the ALM, and are likewise founded on the previously mentioned two fundamental ways of thinking for the said strategy. 7 One of the principle procedures utilized is of presenting new learning material as a discourse. A model discussion is examined, separated and retained through mimicry. Discoursed are viewed as a characteristic conversational ontext that will help students in applying learned structures and jargon. Numerous drills are utilized in the ALM. The regressive develop drill (extension drill) separates a troublesome sentence into littler parts. Generally the last expression of the sentence is rehashed by the students and afterward parts are in cluded, or extended, until students can rehash the total sentence moving forward without any more difficulty. Single-opening replacement drills require the students to substitute in signals given by the instructor into a specific space in the sentence. Different opening replacement bores then again, require a more elevated level of skill from the students. Students must perceive specific openings inside the sentence to substitute the signals given by the instructor, every so often changing subject-action word understandings too. Different drills incorporate the redundancy drill, chain drill, change drill and question-and-answer drill. (Allude to Appendix A) 6. 1 ADVANTAGES When contrasted with an extraordinary strategy like the Grammar Translation Method, where perusing and composing are so worried on that talking and listening aptitudes are dismissed, ALM builds up the aural/oral abilities of students. Students through the ALM can take an interest in situational settings ably. 8 Furthermore, students are progressively mindful of the phonetic parts of the language. Through demonstrating and mimicry, students give more consideration to appropriate articulation and pitch. Mistakes in articulation are quickly managed, while right reactions are emphatically fortified. Students are touchy to the inflection and know about their various elements of addressing, mentioning, arguing and so forth. Through replacement drills, students likewise figure out how to perceive the outskirts between the expressions that make up the sentence. They are additionally presented to a wide range of sentences that have comparable structures through redundancy penetrates also. Transformational drills assist students with acclimating with question labels and their comparing answers, confirmed and negative sentences and even dynamic and aloof ones. Such a wide assortment of sentence and question structures serve to improve learners’ open capacity. 7. 1 DISADVANTAGES Although the drills that are the ALM’s recognizing highlight might be viewed as one of its qualities, they are additionally its shortcoming. Such penetrates rule out innovativeness, making students lose intrigue or feel exhausted in the study hall. At the point when students lose their inspiration, it adversely influences their advancement in second language learning. New jargon learned is likewise restricted in setting. Rather, the sound framework and linguistic examples are accentuated on additional. Students are shown set expressions in slop redundancy because of specific inquiries, where the structure and structure are 9 featured. Thusly, students are just bored to react accurately with answers that are anticipated from them without thinking about its significance. For instance, the set expression, â€Å"Fine, thank you,† is educated as a reaction to the inquiry â€Å"How right? † which students utilize in any event, when they feel in any case. This wonder is tantamount to robots that have no discernment and just give specific reactions to specific improvements! There is once in a while any variety in learners’ reactions other than the ones that have been educated. In this way, connection and discourse is schematic and unnatural. To put it plainly, informative compe

Sigmund Freuds The Interpretation of Dreams Essay -- Papers

Sigmund Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams Sigmund Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams was initially distributed in 1900. The period was one of pretentious Victorians. It was additionally the age of the proceeded with Enlightenment. The New Formula of science, alongside the inheritance of Comte’s Positivism, had a firm hang on the blossoming control of brain science. Freud was prepped as both researcher and Romantic, yet his life’s work reflected clash of the two foundations and a response against every one. It is my sentiment that The Interpretation of Dreams was not just composed as a technique of deconstructing dreams and allotting them meaning, however its idle substance (so to speak) was an evaluate of science’s New Formula, and was intended to address, and even sabotage, the chance of target system in brain research, and undoubtedly in the sciences in general. The significance of his advancements were entirely overlooked; Freud was an inconsistency. A significant number of his peers dismissed his work on the grounds of invalid strategy and irregularity. Nervous system specialists and therapists today despite everything keep on limiting his speculations. The purpose of Freud’s disruption of contemporary mental science, was, be that as it may, very missed, and numerous pundits and commentators keep on foundationally pounce upon his work, totally unmindful of the comprehensive significance of his speculations, instead of the implications of his words themselves. Clinical investigations persuaded Freud that crazy side effects could be broke down and deconstructed to justifiable articulations expressive of some basic and totally intelligent idea. From this intrigue, Freud set out on a complete investigation of dreams, and all the while, made a hypothesis that caused significant to notice the oblivious, a previousl... ...ertain ideas, for example, profundity of brain, idle implications, wish-fulfilments, and so on.,- - all of which stay important in themselves, despite Freud’s equal goal of squashing positivistic common science. Freud’s work has given a worldview through chronicled discoveries and future examinations, leaving him as pioneer of the oblivious through his exposing of dreams. Also, ultimately, notwithstanding science and philosophy’s inclinations to abuse the theory’s shortcomings rather than qualities, the more profound point of the content, as unmasker of Positivism’s shortcomings, can never again be disregarded in its hermeneutic investigation. Book reference: Reference List Freud, Sigmund. (1971). The Interpretation of Dreams, Volume IV,1900. London: The Hogarth Press. Freud, Sigmund. (1968). The Interpretation of Dreams, Volume V. 1900-01. London: The Hogarth Press.

How to Write an Essay Abstract - Learn to Structure Your Essay Writing

How to Write an Essay Abstract - Learn to Structure Your Essay WritingHow to write an essay abstract? This is a topic that has come up a lot recently, especially when it comes to school projects or college assignments. There are many people who are trying to figure out how to make their writing better. The point is, it can be pretty hard to determine what kind of essay to write and what to use for the structure.So, what you need to do is do some research about your topic and your audience and then look for the resources to help you write an essay that will hold its own in the field you are in. For example, if you are writing about high school students, you might want to find some resources on writing an essay on high school subjects. It is very easy to find these resources, especially online. You just have to do a little bit of searching to find the topics that will work best for you.There are many ways to approach writing an essay on high school subjects. First of all, you might wan t to write an essay about your subject and then divide it into several parts. You can look at each part and find out why you would want to use each paragraph and what they mean.When writing an essay on a specific topic, you might want to start with a section like 'How to Write an Essay Abstract' and then proceed to separate each paragraph into a logical and grammatically correct order. You may even want to add some quotes at the end of each paragraph, too. That way, your reader will have a clear idea of what you are trying to say and what you are writing about.That said, a good guide to writing an essay abstract would be to first read an essay on the topic and then follow along with the directions. Another good guide would be to look at a guide that comes with sample essays on a topic, or look for a book that contains sample essays and then take a look at that for inspiration. The point is, it can be difficult to figure out how to write an essay abstract.One thing you need to know i s that not all people in school will understand what you are trying to say in an essay. That is why it is so important to read an essay and then find out how to apply it to your own field.This is also a good way to get people to sign up for your class. If they know that your class will involve reading an essay, they may be more likely to enroll in your class. That is why you need to learn how to write an essay and how to use the materials that are provided in class to help you build your confidence.It is easy to see why this is so important when you realize how much reading is involved. You just can't go through an entire semester reading a book or journal entry and then try to learn how to write an essay by reading it, and then simply copy it into your own journal or book.

Marriage, Divorce, And Cultural Changes Essay - 996 Words

î â€¹Ã®Ëœâ€¡Ã®â‚¬â€" î Ëœ î  ªÃ®  « î â€" 4 Cohabiting The second concept that I will discuss is cohabiting. Cohabiting is when a couple lives together and has a sexual relationship without being married. It has been led by the social changes/views, marriage, gender roles, and religion. According to my notes, â€Å"Cohabiting is more common among: lower level of education, insecurity, previously married people, parental divorce, and those with liberal attitudes about marriage and divorce. Now the question is, why is cohabiting increasing? Its due to delayed marriage, reduced economic incentive to marry, reduced risk of pregnancy, divorce, and cultural changes.† In the article, â€Å"How Cohabitation is Reshaping American families,† it shares that â€Å"most couples marrying today already know what living with their spouse will be like. That’s because they have been living together long before they walk down the aisle. The most common path to marriage is cohabitation, not dating. Once described as â€Å"living in sin† or â€Å"Shacking up,† cohabitation has become an experience.† I thought this was a powerful statement because it explains cohabitation and American families. â€Å"Cohabitation is a distinct family form, neither singlehood nor marriage.† (Brown). Cohabitation has become the most common relationship in American society. There are two groups of cohabiters, with a college degree and without a college degree. with a college degree: cohabiters are more likely to be in the labor force, have similarShow MoreRelatedFactors Responsible for the Probability of Divorce1009 Words   |  4 PagesProbability of Divorce: Contrary to the reality in western industrialized nations, there is a common assumption that longer life-spans contribute to longer marriages. As the average length of marriage remains significantly the same, the reason for the end of marriage has changed from death to divorce. 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The Significance of Vietnam War Essays - 1698 Words

The Significance of The Vietnam War Within one generation, The United States have experienced The Second World War, The Korean War and fifteen years of The Cold War crisis. The Vietnam War was the last drop into the cup of American patience. The costs of The Vietnam War were intolerable, because they contravened traditional American values and hopes. In the year 1965, American government announced, with public support, that America is going to win the guerilla war and defeat the â€Å"global communist conspiracy†. It also promised to build free institutions in South-East Asia. Two years later, in the year 1967, the same affair was considered not only as unsuccessful, but also as a gruesome action of the politicians. In one moment, the†¦show more content†¦On March 29 in 1973, the last American troops left Vietnam, leaving thousands of missing behind. The same day, a few hundreds of war prisoners were released in Hanoi. Within a couple of months, the war between the North and the South was restored and it was soon apparent that the communists are more unified and have a military dominance. In Cambodia and Laos, where the fights were not so strong, the communist victory also seemed unavoidable. In March 1975 the northern Vietnam commenced a complete military invasion in the South. Southern president Thieu asked Washington for help, but the democratic majority in the Congress refused and on March 30, the Americans could watch on TV how North-Vietnamese tanks enter Saigon, which was soon renamed to Ho-Chi-Min’s town. Scenes in American embassy in Saigon, where thousands of scared Vietnamese fought for places on board of last American helicopters were a sad ending of the biggest Ameri can foreign policy catastrophe. The Vietnam War caused one of the great shifts in U.S. foreign policy. The U.S. would no longer be the quot;worlds policeman,quot; which was how she viewed herself since the Second World War. 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Enlightment of Education in Pygmalion and Educating Rita

Top of Form [pic] [pic] [pic] Bottom of Form Share on mymailruShare on facebookShare on twitterShare on vkMore Sharing Services0 | | |Ð’Ð ¾Ã ¹Ã'‚Ð ¸ |Literary analysis of the play Pygmalion by G.B. Shaw - ИÐ ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð °Ã ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ã' Ã ·Ã'‹Ð º -Ã'€Ð µÃ'„Ð µÃ'€Ð °Ã'‚ | |Top of Form |Plan: | |Email | | |[pic]ПÐ °Ã'€Ð ¾Ã »Ã'Å' |Introduction | |[pic][pic] |1. Social conditions in†¦show more content†¦In this work, I investigated life and creative | | |activity of George Bernard Shaw and especially his famous play Pygmalion: the | | |characters of the play and their spiritual philosophy, conflict and social background | | |of the play, writing style of Pygmalion and the origin of its title. | | |Bernard Shaw occupies a conspicuous place in the historical development of the English | | |and the world literature. In his books Shaw could realistically describe the social | | |life of people. He considered language a lot and tried to reform English and make it | | |easier to read and to learn. This point of Shaw’s creative activity determines the | | |actuality of my course paper. | | |Shaw entered drama area as the original innovator. He established a new type of a drama| | |at the English theatre – an intellectual drama in which

Essay for Internship for Barack Obama free essay sample

Dear Mr. Obama, Mr. Obama, my name is Scott. There are a number of reasons why I am the best candidate for your internship this summer. I know I can work for anyone and I am very submissive. I started my own business at the age of 8. I think I can handle being a â€Å"go-fer† for awhile. I wouldn’t mind being a â€Å"go-fer† a bit, as long as I’m being your intern. Your campaign has been long and rigorous so far, and you need an intern that can do the little things. There are a number of reasons why I would be your best choice. I have a lot of work experience already. I started my own mowing business when I was 8. I managed the finances and taking the calls, while my brother and I both did the work. I am willing to work anywhere in the country; this is a transient job that takes a lot of traveling and I’m ready for those long days of work and travel. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay for Internship for Barack Obama or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This business helped me a lot. I’m the best choice because I don’t have to be told twice to do something. I’m a fast learner and I can do things without being told. Your views on the issues are very similar to my own. This is the number one reason I want to work for you. I appreciate your promise that, if elected, you will end the Iraq war as quickly as plausible. I support the troops very much as do you, but the value of their lives’ are worth more than a perplexed oil war, so they need be returned home. I know someone who is for the war will not be coaxed into bringing the troops home. I also believe that fighting global pollution is a great cause. This is not a transient problem and we cannot reverse what we have already done, but we need to save the environment before we have nothing left to live off of. Your energy and environment policies you plan to introduce if you are elected, I believe will be very effective. I am roused by the opportunity of working with the next President of the United States. Also, the genocide in Darfur needs to be changed from the enmity portrayed there and the rancid killings. The chance to work for you a nd gain experience under you is an opportunity of a lifetime. I believe you will follow through with your actions and not just send the nation an insinuation. I believe that you and I have similar backgrounds and characteristics that match up well with one another. Both of us grew up in the Midwest, but you have knowledge of larger city growing up in Chicago, I grew up in a small town so I can bring that experience to the table. We both have a Midwest work ethic. Doing things before it’s asked and working on the job until it’s completely finished. I know I’m the right guy for you. I have been interested in politics my whole life. I don’t see any other occupation other than one in politics in my future. Getting picked for your internship would be an opportunity of a lifetime. The moment I read about this rousing offer I starting preparing this paper; because I know I could appreciate this more than any other candidate, while working diligent and submissive. I know I will be a loyal and hard working intern. Mr. Obama, thank you very much for your precious time. I hope you will see that I am the best candidate for this internship. I have the knowledge it takes to work for you, but I need your experience to further my logical thinking and thoughts for this occupation. I hope you will consider my application and I hope to hear from you soon. Thank You Very Much, Scott

9 Free and Effective Classroom Rewards

9 Free and Effective Classroom Rewards Its no secret that schools only provide the bare minimum, so teachers often need to dip into their already shallow pockets in to supplement what the school provides in the classroom. Material rewards are one easy place where we can cut corners and still remain effective educators. You really dont need to spend your money on candy, toys, stickers, and other little goodies to extrinsically motivate, reward, and recognize your students good behavior. Emphasize intrinsic motivation and teach that learning and good behavior are rewards unto themselves. Your students will rise to your heightened expectations.   Easy, Free Rewards for Your Classroom Save yourself the trouble and consider some of the free ways you can give your students a meaningful thumbs up when they do something right. Lunch Bunch   Recognize a well-behaved table group by inviting them to Lunch Bunch with the teacher. The chosen kids bring their own lunches and eat in the classroom together with you. If you have a TV, find some cartoons to watch. Or, have the kids bring their favorite CDs from home to listen to during lunch (check the lyrics first!). They can also play games when they finish eating. The children feel special because they get to stay inside and you may even find that you enjoy this unique, low-key time with the kids as much as they do. Longer Recess   This is a great one because it doesnt have to involve extra time from you. If possible, reward a child by letting them stay outside and play until a later bell. For example, after my third graders come in, the fourth graders get to play about 10 more minutes. So, I can reward a student by letting them stay out until the fourth grade bell. You may need to double-check with yard duty supervisors before doing this. Also, you probably wont want to use this one all the time. The kids do miss some instructional time and you are relying on the supervisors to help you out. Special Seats   Reward a well-behaved (or much-improved) child by letting them work at the teachers desk for an entire day. Or, you can set up a special seat on the rug and let chosen students have a chance to sit there during story time. This free reward is zero hassle for you and quite a thrill for the kids! Whole-Group Rewards   Let individual students earn points towards a whole class reward. This works especially well for students who crave attention because they will earn positive attention from the whole class for their good behavior. For example, the student can earn a table point for their table group, or a few marbles for the class marble jar. This helps difficult students feel like a real part of the group and it provides for a little positive peer pressure to keep them performing well. Read-In Party Stay away from popcorn parties that require extra money and preparation from you. Tell the kids that they can wear pajamas to school that day (discuss appropriate attire, first!). They can also bring their favorite stuffed animal and a pillow. Use the day to celebrate the joys of reading. The kids get to lounge around the room for part of the day, reading, relaxing, and savoring the joy of books. You can also add in other literary activities for a rewarding day that sends a clear message to the students: Reading is Fun! Afternoon of Art and Music   Art and music are worthy academic subjects. But, if youre like most time-strapped teachers, you cant fit enough of them into the school day. Motivate your class with this simple reward. Let the class listen to music while they work on an art project. Theyll love it and so will you! Good Phone Call Home Why do phone calls home always have to be negative? Set this standard on its head by letting parents and guardians know how great their child is doing in your class. Most students will work really hard to get this kind of individualized recognition that will make a big difference at home. This is also a wonderful opportunity to solidify your relationship with parents. They want to know that you love their child and this is an easy way to make everyone happy. Help in Another Class   This is a great one for reinforcing academic content and building self-esteem in kids who really need it. Its hard to implement in kindergarten and first grade classes, but with other grades, it works great. Recognize a worthy student by letting them help out in a lower grade for awhile. Use your professional judgment to make it work in your classroom and school environment. Hand Stamp Dont get stuck on costly and consumable stickers. Use the simple ink stamps that you already have to let a student know that they are A-okay! Simply stamp your sign of approval on the back of the childs hand. You may want to clear this with parents first, since they might not appreciate ink on their kids hand. It may sound too good to be true, but if you dont introduce material rewards in the first place, your students will never miss them. In elementary school, children are so eager to please and so pleased to receive any little special recognition. They really will bend over backward for these types of rewards that dont cost you a penny! Edited by  Janelle Cox

20 Biology Essay Topics Hooking Ideas to Discuss in Evolutionary Biology Niche

20 Biology Essay Topics Hooking Ideas to Discuss in Evolutionary Biology Niche Welcome to our second guide where we discuss 20 topics for a cause and effect essay on evolutionary biology. These topics will eventually help you kickstart the writing process without spending too much time or energy on unnecessary research or deciding what to write about. Furthermore, we’ve also included a sample essay hand picked from one of these 20 topics, so you can have a good idea of how a cause and effect essay should be written. You can replicate our essay if you want, but after reading all our guides, we assure you that you would be effortlessly writing a superb essay on your own. If you haven’t already gone through our first guide, 10 facts for a cause and effect essay on evolutionary biology, we urge you to read that before going further, as our first guide helps you build a solid foundation on the subject matter, so you can have a proper context to base your writing on. You also do not want to miss out on our third guide, how to write a cause and effect essay on evolutionary biology, which clearly explains how a cause and effect essay is written, how it’s formatted and what the outlines and methods are, in order to make it stand out in every way. Here are 20 topics on writing an evolutionary biology essay: Stellar Evolution Revealed: The Theory that Tries to Disapprove the Big Bang Theory Life Evolution: The Twin Theories of Spontaneous Generation and Lamarckism The Reasons Why Creationists Believe that Everything is Created by a â€Å"Master Designer† What is â€Å"The Argument by Design† and How Does it Disprove Evolutionary Theory? How Evolutionary Biology has Affected Science, Society and Culture The Revelation of Charles Darwin and His Famous Book â€Å"The Origin of Species† Does â€Å"Evolutionary Biology† Pack Authentic Evidence Which Signifies its Importance as an Applicable Theory? 7 Scientific Theories that Debunk Charles Darwin’s Evolutionary Theories How the First and Second Law of Thermodynamics Contradict Charles Darwin’s Theory What Happened in the French Caribbean Island of Guadeloupe in 1812 that Laid the Evolution Theory to Rest? What are Common Misconceptions about Evolution That Are Still Taught Today? Why Creationism Seems More Scientific than Evolution The Evolution Theory – Did Charles Darwin Made it All Up Based on Assumptions Only? How the Evolution Theory Affects Science and Humans Beings The Theories that Influenced Charles Darwin to Hypothesize the Evolution Theory What was the Main Purpose of Creating the Evolution Theory? Was it Really Based on Scientific Facts and Figures? The Reason Why Almost All Biologists Believed Charles Darwin’s Conclusion that Evolution Had Occurred What Made Charles Darwin Write â€Å"The Origin of Species†. How the Evolution Theory Was Debunked by the Foundations of True Science What was â€Å"The X Club† All About? What Kind of Roles Did it Play in Science? We are certain that you will find these topics relevant to your assignment and you now have something really interesting to write about. One thing’s for sure that you will not get stuck in the initial stages since you have at least 20 topics to choose from. Before we move to our next guide, how to write a cause and effect essay on evolutionary biology, take a look at the sample below, which has been written on one of the topics above: Cause and Effect Sample Essay: 7 Scientific Theories that Debunk Charles Darwin’s Evolutionary Theories Before the 1800s, scientists believed that the world we live in was created by a Master Designer, i.e. God. These scientists were hard workers and dedicated their life to researching and finding scientific facts about the origin of species. However, after the 1900s, philosophers who were rich and powerful, and had influence on society, suppressed those scientific endeavors in order to make their own hypotheses, just to make a name for themselves. William Paley, best known for his Natural Theology, explained that when we see the world, its complexity and how it works, it is clear that there is a Master Designer who has created this masterpiece. In fact, the â€Å"Argument of Design† states that it is unwise, and in some ways, foolish to think that anything at all might come into existence on its own. For example, if we see a watch, we know that it’s been crafted by someone who’s an expert in his/her field. The same goes for the universe; whoever made it must be a master at his craft. It’s a remarkable fact that Charles Darwin’s Evolution Theory was completely debunked even before it was published in his book, â€Å"The Origin of Species†. Carl Linn, one of the earnest creationists at the time, classified numerous species and during his scientific voyage, did not see any proof of ‘halfway species’. This is why he concluded that there were no crossover species, since every form of species are distinct and varied, even though there can be sub-species. However, he still maintained that it was impossible to have halfway species. The First Law of Thermodynamics is one of the most remarkable and highly respected theories today about the origins of the universe. This theory talks about the law of conservation of energy and how, no matter what size or shape, the amount of energy in a particular matter stays the same. This law clearly debunks several evolutionary theories that Charles Darwin had proposed – without scientific facts, it might be noted. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states the same and completely puts the basics of the evolutionary theory to rest, which is: simple evolves into complex. In the law of entropy, in plain words, everything runs down, wears out and is reduced to pieces. One of the most well-authenticated discoveries that also discredit the Evolution Theory is the discovery of a human skeleton in the French Caribbean island of Guadeloupe. This human skeleton dates back to 28 million years – estimated by modern geologists by determining the age of a slab of limestone, in which the skeleton was found. Modern human skeletons have also been found in the depths of the strata. Mendel was a great scientist and a creationist as well. For several years, he bred garden peas and did multiple researches to study the results of crossing various breeds. His work was completed in about eight years and when he revealed his findings, it was distributed among 120 renowned libraries around the world. However, his journal was rejected by the Scientific Society because it, in fact, went against the Evolutionary Theory. In conclusion, his work laid the foundation of modern genetics and revealed that there is a barrier between species that doesn’t allow them to transmute with one another. It was in the 1900s, when his research was discovered again and changed the world of modern genetics. Louis Pasteur was another great scientist who disproved the evolutionary basis: the spontaneous generation theory. This theory states that all living things came into existence from a nonliving material. The evidence behind this was that when a pile of clothes were to remain in a corner for a long time, they would breed mice! However, the reality was that mice would gather around that pile and nest in that place for comfort, warmth and perhaps, to feast on the clothes. Lamarckism, one of the strongest foundations of evolutionary theory, was also disproved by a German scientist, August Friedrich Leopold Weismann. To disprove â€Å"the inheritance of acquired characteristics†, he conducted an experiment on 901 young white mice by cutting off their tails. He did this 19 times (in every successive generation). However, each successive generation was born with a full-length tail. Yet, modern evolutionists still teach Lamarck today, in this modern day and age. Another fact that circumcision of Jewish people doesn’t affect growth on the foreskin put the theory of evolution into question and the legacy of Charles Darwin himself as well. There are a plethora of scientific facts that disprove evolutionary biology and point out that there is a Master Designer who has created this complex world we live in. Despite relying relentlessly on hypothesis with no scientific evidence or proof, our generation still studies evolutionary biology based on the origin of species that we see and perceive. This is utterly wrong and should be done away with completely – so that people can have a broader perspective in general and their researches, along with scientific facts they gather, lead to much more. As promised, you now have a sample essay which will assist you in writing an exceptional cause and effect essay on evolutionary biology. Let’s head on to our third and final guide, how to write a cause and effect essay on evolutionary biology. References: Harvey, P. H., Pagel, M. D. (1991). The comparative method in evolutionary biology (Vol. 239). Oxford: Oxford university press. Huelsenbeck, J. P., Ronquist, F., Nielsen, R., Bollback, J. P. (2001). Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology. science, 294(5550), 2310-2314. Bookstein, F. L. (1985). Morphometrics in evolutionary biology: the geometry of size and shape change, with examples from fishes. Academy of Natural Sciences. Chagnon, N. A., Irons, W. (1979). Evolutionary biology and human social behavior: An anthropological perspective. J. Edison Adams, (1967) Plants: An Introduction to Modern Biology, p. 585 Chris Colby, (1996) Introduction to Evolutionary Biology talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-intro-to-biology.html Huelsenbeck, J. P., Ronquist, F., Nielsen, R., Bollback, J. P. (2001). Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology. science, 294(5550), 2310-2314.

Hospitality Careers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hospitality Careers - Research Paper Example Subsequently, in the food and beverage industry, positions or rather career options for banquet manager, beverage manager, catering manager, dining room manager, general manager (fullservice), general manager (quick service), human resources manager, kitchen manager and public relations manager among others can be offered, as illustrated in the career website of the National Restaurant Association (National Restaurant Association, 2013). As can be apparently observed from the above list presented for the management careers offered in the lodging and the food and beverage industries are quite vivid in nature. Moreover, both these industries are observed to deliver adequate training assistance to the management professionals as well as fresh graduates that have evidently widened the scope for future development among the employees. Therefore, it can be affirmed that these industries not only reward sufficient scope of career building to the management professionals, but also delivers d ue assistance in personality and professional development of these personnel. 2. Compare and contrast the differences between the General Management (GM) positions within the two (2) industries. Companies in the lodging industry fundamentally need to perform various functions of hospitality services along with providing travel assistance to its customers. Apparently, the role of a General Manager (GM) in lodging industry is quite challenging as the personnel will have to manage the aspects of customer satisfaction, quality of services and regular costs simultaneously with proficient skills and understanding. The GM in lodging industry is also responsible for performing other day to day operations in the business such as accounting for regular transactions, managing the staff and their payroll, handling customer complaints and requests, as well as looking after the efficient use of resources. Being in a role which benefits with the scope of regular interaction with the employees and the customers, the GM is also liable to motivate the employees and make sure that the customers are satisfied with the lodging services delivered by the industry (American Hotel & Lodging Association, 2013). On the other hand, the role of GMs in food and beverage industry may be considered as more complex than that observed in the lodging industry, owing to the additional responsibilities of bakery, food quality regulatory norms adherence and healthcare interventions. Unlike the GMs appointed in the lodging industry, GMs in the food and beverage industry are responsible to prepare reports regarding the food safety measures taken by the staff when cooking and serving the customers accordingly. The GM in food and beverage industry also needs to ensure that at every stage of the operations, laws and regulations concerning health of the customers and the maintenance of quality foods are adhered. Additionally, GMs in the food and beverage industry also share some common responsibilities such as motivating and managing the regular staff members,

Handout Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Handout - Essay Example ssion can also occur from mother to child during â€Å"pregnancy, birth or through breast feeding† and this happens when infected maternal fluids enter a baby’s circulation. Another mode of transmission is through injections in which people share infected needles and syringes, especially those who abuse drugs. The shared materials often contain blood samples of previous users and the blood is injected into another person’s system (Public Health 1). Transfusion of contaminated blood, though this is controlled by screening blood products before use to minimize the risk, is another mode of the infection’s transmission. Other medical processes such as organ transplant may also transmit HIV but prior screening reduces recipients’ vulnerabilities. Previous infections by sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhea and syphilis among other sexually transmitted infections increases a person’s risk of contracting HIV. Lastly, transmission can occur in health care settings when one encounter contaminated fluids or accidental injury by contaminated objects. The virus does not however spread through casual contact like shaking hands, toilet seats, and sharing towels as well as contact with saliva unless it is contaminated with blood (NHS Choices 1; Public Health

Negotiation beforehand Essay Example for Free

Negotiation beforehand Essay You ought to master the art, in a negotiation, of raising the interests of both parties and end up with a lasting common pact. Why selected: Negotiations rooted in self-centered positions often injure the relationship of both parties and are incapable of reaching good agreements. I recall a friend who lost his chance of landing a job because of his tactlessness. Application to a business or personal situation: A couple of weeks ago, a friend had lost a big time prospective employer when he haggled with him over his desired monthly salary, asking a highly competitive one despite being a fresh graduate. What added fuel to the dispute was his provoking voice that possessed an air of domineering insistence. Action steps: The situation above is best addressed by efficiently doing the following: 1. Build a long-lasting relationship with the other party by offering a wise deal. 2. Set aside personal involvement with any issues and try to look over the other side’s viewpoint. 3. Do not counteract emotional outbursts with another raging flow of emotions. 4. Identify the parties’ interests, not their positions as it would undermine the other in the process. 5. Lay down a wide array of alternatives, sit, and pick the best choice to settle issues once and for all. 6. Approach the issue as a common search and decide on the best objective criteria for it. 7. Establish ground rules in negotiation beforehand to have a pre-emptive measure against dirty tricks the other party may later employ (Glaser). Reference: Glaser, Tanya. Conflict Research Consortium Book Summary. http://www. colorado. edu/conflict/peace/example/fish7513. htm. 1998-2005

The Only Fish I Wanted To Catch :: essays research papers

The Only Fish I Wanted To Catch A sensation of astounding warmth enshrouded my mind and body as I blankly stared out on to the choppy lake. I realized that the blinding sun was sure to burn me by the end of the day. I was completely clueless as to where the day would take me. At first I was a little apprehensive about climbing into the small rowboat and heading out there for the entire day. What if I didn’t make it back? I had never been fishing alone. All I craved was to catch the perfect fish. It didn’t have to be big or fat, just perfect for me. So I mustered up the courage and took a chance. The last time I had taken a chance I had paid for it dearly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sarina was the perfect girl, and I was determined to let her know how I felt about her. She didn’t make me happy. Happiness was not exactly the emotion she brought out in me. Her presence brought out something within me that was much deeper and more sincere. She was the foundation of my utopia. She had a special quality about her. Most people I know walk around with their souls being held prisoner by their bodies. She was one of those unique people whose body was held captive by her soul. Thirty seconds out of every minute I thought about her. I always made sure she had everything. It took me six months before I could even tell her how I felt. When I finally told her how I felt she took the news really well, but I knew she wasn’t interested. After telling me that our friendship was too close for us to get involved romantically, I swept up the pieces of my shattered heart, put them in my pocket and walked away. I had her snagged on my hook but she thr ew it. I used kindness, and patience, and she used me. I gave her everything she asked of me. She took the bait and ran. She avoided me at all costs for the next two months. Suddenly, I was at the mercy of the wide-open water of my misery, and was fearful of drowning. Had I been coerced into believing we were best friends? We squandered for hours and hours resolving each other’s personal dilemmas. We called each other religiously on the phone when we were apart.

Ece Lab Manual Ece 315

LABORATORY MANUAL ECE 315 MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEM DESIGN LABORATORY 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS S. No. Title of the Experiment Perform the following using 8085 Simulator and 8085 Microprocessor kit in assembly language: (i). Write a program to add two 8-bit numbers. (Or) Write a program to add two 16- bit numbers. (ii) Write a program to subtract two 8-bit numbers. (Or) Write a program to subtract two 16-bit numbers.Perform the following using 8085 Simulator and 8085 Microprocessor kit in assembly language: (i) Write a program to multiply two 8 bit numbers by repetitive addition method (Or) Write a program to multiply two 8 bit numbers by rotation method. (ii)Write a program to divide 16-bit number by 8-bit number. Perform the following using 8085 Simulator and 8085 Microprocessor kit in assembly language: (i) Finding 1’s and 2’s complement of an 8-bit number. (ii) Finding 1’s and 2’s complement of an 16-bit number.Perform the following using 8085 Simulator an d 8085 Microprocessor kit in assembly language: (i) Write a program to count number of 1’s in a program. (ii) Split hex data into two nibbles and swap the higher nibble and lower nibble of that number. Write a program to convert a 2-digit BCD number into its binary equivalent number. Perform the following using 8085 Simulator and 8085 Microprocessor kit in assembly language: (i) Write a program for displaying BCD down counter. Counter should count numbers from 99 to 00 and it should increment after every 1 sec. (ii) Write a program for displaying binary up counter.Counter should count numbers from 00 to FFH and it should increment after every 0. 5 sec. Interfacing of Seven segment display with 8085 microprocessor. Interfacing of D/A converter with 8085 microprocessor to generate RAMP wave. Interfacing and control of stepper motor using 8085 microprocessor. Design 8085 Microprocessor based Traffic light control. Page No. 1 3 2 7 3 11 4 15 5 17 6 19 7 8 9 10 21 23 25 26 2 Exper iment 1 1. Aim: Perform the following using 8085 Simulator and 8085 Microprocessor kit in assembly language: i. Write a program to add two 8-bit numbers. (Or) Write a program to add two 16bit numbers. ii.Write a program to subtract two 8-bit numbers. (Or) Write a program to subtract two 16-bit numbers. Equipment required: 8085 microprocessor kit 2. Learning Objective: a. To acquaint with 8085 microprocessor performance. b. To determine the addition and subtraction of two numbers. 3. Program Program ( i. a ): Program (i. b): 3 Program ( ii. a): 4 Program ( ii. b ): 5 4. Required Results: Input: 1st number: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2nd number: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Output: Addition of two numbers: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Subtraction of two numbers: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5. Cautions: a. Before enter the program press RST key on 8085 kit. b. Proper care must be taken while handling the microprocessor kit. . Learning outcomes: Mathematical operations using 8085 kit. 6 Experiment 2 1. Aim: Perform the following using 8085 Simulator and 8085 Microprocessor kit in assembly language: i. Write a program to multiply two 8 bit numbers by repetitive addition method (or) write a program to multiply two 8 bit numbers by rotation method. ii. Write a program to divide 16-bit number by 8-bit number. Equipment required: 8085 Microprocessor kit. 2. Learning Objective: a. To acquaint with 8085 microprocessor performance. b. To determine the division and multiplication of two numbers. 3. Program Program (i. a): 7 Program ( i. b): 8 Program (ii):MVI E, 00 : Quotient = 0 LHLD 2200H : Get dividend LDA 2300 : Get divisor MOV B, A : Store divisor MVI C, 08 : Count = 8 NEXT: DAD H : Dividend = Dividend x 2 MOV A, E RLC MOV E, A : Quotient = Quotient x 2 MOV A, H SUB B : Is most significant byte of Dividend > divisor JC SKIP : No, go to Next step MOV H, A : Yes, subtract divisor INR E : and Quotient = Quotient + 1 SKIP:DCR C : Count = Count – 1 JNZ NEXT : Is count =0 repeat M OV A, E STA 2401H : Store Quotient Mov A, H STA 2410H : Store remainder HLT : End of program. 9 4. Required Results: Input: 1st number: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2nd number: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Output: Multiplication of two numbers: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Division of two numbers: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5. Cautions: a. Before enter the program press RST key on 8085 kit. b. Proper care must be taken while handling the microprocessor kit. 6. Learning outcomes: Mathematical operations using 8085. 10 Experiment 3 1. Aim: Perform the following using 8085 Simulator and 8085 Microprocessor kit in assembly language: i. Finding 1’s and 2’s complement of an 8-bit number. ii. Finding 1’s and 2’s complement of an 16-bit number. Requirements: 8085 Microprocessor kit. 2. Learning Objective: Complement of a number using 8085 kit. 3. Assembly language: Program (i. a): Program (i. b): 11Explanation: This program finds the 2’s complement of an 8-bit number stored in memory location 3000H. Let us assume that the operand stored at memory location 3000H is 85H. The operand is moved to accumulator from memory location 3000H. Then, its complement is found by using CMA instruction. One is added to accumulator by incrementing it to find its 2’s complement. The result is stored at memory location 3001H. Program (ii. a): Explanation: This program finds the 1’s complement of 16-bit number stored in memory 3000H3001H. There is no direct way to find 1’s complement of 16-bit number.Therefore, this can be accomplished by finding the 1’s complement of two 8-bit numbers. Let us assume that the operand stored at memory locations 3000H-3001H is 45H-6AH. The operand is loaded into H-L pair from memory locations 3000H-3001H. The lower-order is moved from register L to accumulator. Its complement is found by using CMA instruction. The result obtained is moved back to register L. Then, the higher-order is moved from register H to accumulato r. Its complement is found by using CMA instruction. The result obtained is moved back to register H. Now, the final result is in H-L pair. 12 The result is stored from H-L pair to memory locations 3002H-3003H. Program (ii. b): Explanation: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? This program finds the 2’s complement of 16-bit number stored in memory locations 3000H- 3001H. There is no direct way to find 2’s complement of 16-bit number. Therefore, this can be accomplished by finding the 1’s complement of two 8-bit numbers and then incrementing it to get 2’s complement. Let us assume that the operand stored at memory locations 3000H-3001H is 12H05H. The operand is loaded into H-L pair from memory locations 3000H-3001H.The lower-order is moved from register L to accumulator. Its complement is found by using CMA instruction. The result obtained is moved back to register L. Then, the higher-order is moved from register H to accumulator. Its complement is found by using CMA instruction. The result obtained is moved back to register H. H-L pair is incremented to get 2’s complement. Now, the final result is in H-L pair. The result is stored from H-L pair to memory locations 3002H-3003H. 4. Required Results: Input: 8-bit number: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16-bit number: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 Output: 1’s and 2’s complement of 8-bit number: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1’s and 2’s complement of 16-bit number: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . Cautions: a. Before enter the program press RST key on 8085 kit. b. Proper care must be taken while handling the microprocessor kit. 6. Learning outcomes: Student will be able to learn how to use logical instructions. 14 Experiment 4 1. Aim: Perform the following using 8085 Simulator and 8085 Microprocessor kit in assembly language: i. Write a program to count number of 1’s in a program. . ii. Split hex data into two nibbles and swap the higher nibble and lower nibble of that number. Requirements: 8085 M icroprocessor kit. 2. Learning Objective: Swapping of lower and higher nibble of a number. . Assembly language Program ( i ) : MVI B,00H MVI C,08H MOV A,D BACK: RAR JNC SKIP INR B SKIP: DCR C JNZ BACK HLT Program ( ii ) : LDA 2200H ; Get the packed BCD number ANI F0H ; Mask lower nibble RRC RRC RRC RRC ; Adjust higher BCD digit as a lower digit STA 2300H ; Store the partial result LDA 2200H ; Get the original BCD number ANI 0FH ; Mask higher nibble STA 2301H ; Store the result LDA 2300H ; Get the contents of memory location 2300H into accumulator MOV B, A ; save the contents in B register LDA 2301H ; Get the contents of memory location 2301H into accumulator.STA 2300H ; Store the contents of accumulator at address 2000H. MOV A, B ; Get the saved contents back into A register STA 2301H ; Store the contents of accumulator at address 2200H HLT ; Terminate program execution 15 4. Required Results: Input: Enter the number: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Output: number of one’s in number: à ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Result after swapping: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5. Cautions: a. Before enter the program press RST key on 8085 kit. b. Proper care must be taken while handling the microprocessor kit. 6. Learning outcomes: Students will be able to learn mathematical operations using 8085 kit. 16 Experiment 5 1.Aim: Write a program to convert a 2-digit BCD number into its binary equivalent number. Requirements: 8085 Microprocessor kit. 2. Learning Objective: BCD to binary conversion of a number. 3. Program: Sample problem: (2200H) = 67H (2300H) = 6 x OAH + 7 = 3CH + 7 = 43H Sample Program: LDA 2200H : Get the BCD number MOV B, A : Save it ANI OFH : Mask most significant four bits MOV C, A : Save unpacked BCDI in C register MOV A, B : Get BCD again ANI FOH : Mask least significant four bits RRC : Convert most significant four bits into unpacked BCD2 RRC RRC RRC MOV B, A : Save unpacked BCD2 in B register XRA A : Clear accumulator (sum = 0) 7 MVI D, 0AH : Set D as a multiplier of 10 Sum: ADD D : Add 10 until (B) = 0 DCR B : Decrement BCD2 by one JNZ SUM : Is multiplication complete? i if not, go back and add again ADD C : Add BCD1 STA 2300H : Store the result HLT : Terminate program execution 4. Required Results: Input: Enter 2 digit BCD number: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Output: Equivalent binary number: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5. Cautions: a. Before enter the program press RST key on 8085 kit. b. Proper care must be taken while handling the microprocessor kit. . Learning outcomes: Student will be able to learn the use of stack pointer and subroutines. 18 Experiment 6 1. Aim: Perform the following using 8085 Simulator and 8085 Microprocessor kit in assembly language : i. ii. Write a program for displaying BCD down counter. Counter should count numbers from 99 to 00 and it should increment after every 1 sec. Write a program for displaying binary up counter. Counter should count numbers from 00 to FFH and it should increment after every 0. sec. Requirements: 8085 Microprocessor kit. 2. L earning Objective: Implementation of BCD down counter and Binary UP counter. 3. Program ( i ) : LXI SP, 27FFH : Initialize stack pointer MVI C, 99H : Initialize counter = 99 BACK:CALL Display : Call display subroutine CALL Delay : Call delay subroutine ADI 99H : See Addition below DAA : Adjust for decimal CPI 99H : Compare with last count JNZ BACK :If no, repeat HLT 19Program ( ii ) : LXI SP, 27FFH : Initialize stack pointer MVI C, OOH : Initialize counter BACK: CALL Display : Call display subroutine CALL Delay : Call delay subroutine INR C : Increment counter MOV A, C CPI OOH : Check counter is > FFH JNZ BACK : If not, repeat HLT : Stop Delay Routine: Delay: LXI B, count : Initialize count BACK: DCX D : Decrement count MOV A, E ORA D : Logically OR D and E JNZ BACK : If result is not 0 repeat RET : Return to main program 4. Cautions: a. Before enter the program press RST key on 8085 kit. b.Proper care must be taken while handling the microprocessor kit. 5. Learning outcomes: mathem atical operations using 8085. 20 Experiment 7 1. Aim: Interfacing of Seven segment display with 8085 microprocessor. Requirements: 8085 Microprocessor kit, Seven Segment LED & wires. 2. Learning Objective: Seven segment interfacing using 8085 kit. 3. Circuit Diagram: 4. Program: MVI A, 80H OUT CR K: LXI H, 2000H MVI B, 10H KK: MOV A, M OUT PA CALL DELAY INX H JNZ KK 21 JMP K HLT Delay: LXI D, Count Back: DCX D MOV A, D ORA E JNZ Back RET 5.Inputs: 2000: 40H, 79H, 24H, 30H, 19H, 12H, 02H, 78H, 00H, 18H, 08H, 03H, 46H, 21H, 06H, 0EH 6. Result: On the Seven segment LED we can see all the Hexadecimal no’s displayed with some delay as mentioned. 7. Cautions: a. Before enter the program press RST key on 8085 kit. b. Proper care must be taken while handling the microprocessor kit. 8. Learning outcomes: Students will be able to learn how to interface seven segment with 8085. 22 Experiment 8: 1. Aim: Interfacing of D/A converter with 8085 microprocessor to generate RAMP wave.Requireme nts: 8085 Microprocessor Kit, DAC0808, 100nF(2), 1k, Op-Amp 741. 2. Learning Objective: Digital to analog converter interfacing. 3. Circuit Diagram: 4. Program: MOV A, 80H OUT CW MVI A, 00H KK: OUT PA CALL DELAY INC A JMP KK RST 5 Delay: LXI D, Count Back: DCX D MOV A, D ORA E JNZ Back RET 23 5. Result: On the CRO we can see a RAMP wave generated. 6. Cautions: a. Before enter the program press RST key on 8085 kit. b. Proper care must be taken while handling the microprocessor kit. 7. Learning outcomes: Students will be able to learn how to interface digital to analog converter with 8085. 4 Experiment 9 1. Aim: Interfacing and control of stepper motor using 8085 microprocessor. Requirements: 8085 Microprocessor kit, Stepper Motor, Motor driver circuit (ULN2003) & wires. 2. Learning Objective: Stepper motor interfacing with 8085. 3. Program: i) To rotate in Clock Wise direction MVI A, 80H OUT CR MVI A, 44H KK: OUT PA CALL DELAY RRC JMP KK RST 5 ii) To rotate in Anti-Clock Wise directi on MVI A, 80H OUT CR MVI A, 44H KK: OUT PA CALL DELAY RLC JMP KK RST 5 Delay: LXI D, Count Back: DCX D MOV A, D ORA E JNZ Back RET 4.Result: Stepper motor rotates in Clock wise & Anti-clock wise direction. 5. Cautions: a. Before enter the program press RST key on 8085 kit. b. Proper care must be taken while handling the microprocessor kit. 6. Learning outcomes: Students will be able to learn how to interface and control stepper motor with 8085. 25 Experiment 10 1. Aim: Design a 8085 Microprocessor based Traffic light control for figure shown below with the following conditions: Allow traffic to flow from N to S & S to N for 1sec Glow all Yellow lights for 0. sec Allow traffic to flow from W to E & E to W for 1sec Glow all Yellow lights for 0. 2sec Make this process continues. Requirements: 8085 Microprocessor Kit, 9 LED’s, 5K resistors (9) 2. Learning Objective: Traffic light control system using 8085. 3. Circuit Diagram: 4. Program: MVI A, 80H : Initialize 8255, port A and p ort B OUT CR ;(CR) : in output mode START: MVI A, 09H OUT PA; (PA) : Send data on PA to glow R1 and R2 MVI A, 24H OUT PB; (PB) : Send data on PB to glow G3 and G4 MVI C, 28H : Load multiplier count (40 ) for delay 26CALL DELAY : Call delay subroutine MVI A, 12H OUT PA; PA : Send data on Port A to glow Y1 and Y2 OUT 81H ;PB : Send data on port B to glow Y3 and Y4 MVI C, 0AH : Load multiplier count (10 ) for delay CALL: DELAY : Call delay subroutine MVI A, 24H OUT 80H ;PA : Send data on port A to glow G1 and G2 MVI A, 09H OUT 81H; PB : Send data on port B to glow R3 and R4 MVI C, 28H : Load multiplier count (40 ) for delay CALL DELAY : Call delay subroutine MVI A, 12H OUT 80H : Send data on port A to glow Y1 and Y2 OUT 81H : Send data on port B to glow Y3 and Y4 MVI C, 0AH : Load multiplier count (10 for delay CALL DELAY : Call delay subroutine JMP START Delay Subroutine: DELAY: LXI D, Count : Load count to give 0. 5 sec delay BACK: DCX D : Decrement counter MOV A, D ORA E : Check whe ther count is 0 JNZ BACK : If not zero, repeat DCR C : Check if multiplier zero, otherwise repeat JNZ DELAY RET : Return to main program 5. Cautions: a. Before enter the program press RST key on 8085 kit. b. Proper care must be taken while handling the microprocessor kit. 6. Learning outcomes: Students will be able to learn how to design microprocessor based traffic light system using 8085. 27

Leadership And Change Management In The Eastern Bank Limited Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2340 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? I would like to thanks all my colleagues for the time and experience they have shared for this unique project that I have undertaken. Our professors guidance is the motivational force to start this project in the direction where we will not only learn about this unit theoretically but also practically. After careful consideration of all the changes happened in the past two decade, i decided to take a financial institution for my project of leadership and change management. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Leadership And Change Management In The Eastern Bank Limited Business Essay" essay for you Create order I took EBL (Eastern Bank Limited, Bangladesh) as my topic and i carefully studied its last two decades changes and also gone through its future strategy which will shape its business growth. This proposal outlines the framework of my approach addressing each key requirement, ensuring  complete evaluation and recommendations of the issues identified during  the review. This document will provide the following: Why and how these changes have occurred and how this organization took the opportunity for its own goals to get fulfilled keeping in mind the global competition and also its culture. In my project, i will bring you the highlight how private bank change itself from its traditional system and method to modernization. What is the driving force behind this changes? To build my solid base, i have gone through every possible research and beyond that. For any further assistant for this proposal, please feel comfortable to browse the website www.ebl-bd.com 2.INTRODUCTION The incremental change which they started slowly but forcibly put a lot of pressure on the traditional way of their banking system. Traditionally, the bank functional relationship was strong and was fully based on mutual understanding and trust amongst their employees regardless of the hierarchical structure. The hierarchical structure was rigid but very efficient where morale of the employee was very high and employee turnover was very low. These were the basic hurdle which made it difficult for the organization to bring the changes. Survival is always of the fittest and who survive the change, Rules. The driving factors of the changes were very strong as compare to its stability like the rapid changes in the business environment, globalization era and the evolving latest technology. EBL analyzed carefully its strength and its weaknesses inside its organization and studied/ evaluated the macro environmental elements for its threats and opportunities. The new structu re which was the outcome of change was more effective and efficient. The change was not that easy and got a lot of resistance from employees whom they overcome by having regular meetings and training and development. 3.PROJECT SYNOPSIS 3.1 Purpose The purpose of this review is to analyze the changes which EBL Private Bank gone through within the last two decades. The catalyst of this change is believed to be globalization, technological advancement innovation, competition and other macro environmental factors which stirred this organization. This organization not only survived but also expanded its operation nationally and internationally on a large scale. From study and survey we found out that its hard for the competitors to imitate its services and embedded culture which makes this organization strong in its core capabilities.  I try to analyze the forces which provide me view of change problems that need to be rectified and also by identifying forces for and against the change. The forces which pushed Against Force / Resisting Organization working hard ethically to deliver perfect result Loyalty and commitment of employees Choosing alternate requirements and potential flexibilities Motivatio n and encouragement Working on the feedback from staff survey staff want changes in how they are treated Pushing staff to work in a new ways Participation in a change process Traditional structure Bureaucracy Pressure of work during phase of changes Culture blame Communication problem inside the organization 3.2 Scope   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€š The scope of the review will be from the point of decision to make its stand against its rival private competitors which were not only fully equipped with modern technology but also with full monitory funds. Due to strong unfavorable circumstances this EBL not only worked on its core values but also build its long term strategy in which they fully succeeded. They changed their view of seeing the business from profit oriented (i.e. by not caring for the customer but the money) to customer oriented which the private banks were doing. Not only they changed this culture but also introduced the latest innovative technology.  3.3 Objective The objective of this review will be to: 1.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Investigate and explore the flow of this organizations survival and expansion keeping in mind the globalization period. 2.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Research and detail the positive and negative effect and changes in its culture and organizational structure. 3.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Finding the advantages and disadvantages of this change process. 4. What were the outcome of these changes and how small changes led to the big changes? 5. The method and strategy decision they have opted to bring these changes? 6. What were the barriers to changes, was that the hierarchical management structure of the bank? 4. ORGANIZATIONAL OVERVIEW During the process of liberalization in 1991, banking has gone tremendous amount of changes. The main motive of these changes was to take the organization into profitable efficient and competitive side. These reforms become the fundamentals of the bangladesh economy and transferred the operating environment of the banks and financial institution in the country. During the tenure of pre-liberalization banking system were majorly handled by government fiscal and development polices. It open the opportunities for the bank to diversify into credits cards, insurance, investment banking, mortgage financing and depository services etc. 4.1 Companys Background. Eastern Bank Limited was founded in 1992 and is headquartered in Dhaka, Bangladesh. the company makes investments, placements, and borrowing in money and capital markets; and deals with foreign exchange business, as well as provides Internet banking, corporate banking, and Hajj remittance services, such as handling foreign demand drafts and foreign telegraphic transfers in Saudi Arabian and local currency. As of December 31, 2008, it had 34 branches, 36 owned automated teller machines (ATMs), and 118 shared Q-cash ATMs. Today, Eastern Bank of Bangladesh has spreads its arms around the world and has became the second largest bank in the world. EBLs international banking group delivers the full range of cross-border finance solutions. They have not stopped yet but have got further strategy to become the worlds no. 1 bank. These competitions open the door for the customers to their great satisfaction and also technology path in Indian banks. Banks started themselves to look into th e mirror of global competition which increased their efficiency growth. 4.2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE (BUREAUCRATIC) Present profile of this organization A)  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Organizational structure B) It has spread its branches all over nationally and internationally collaborating with subsidiaries and non-subsidiaries. Eastern Bank of Bangladesh credit card Eastern Bank Of Bangladesh Online Eastern Bank Of Bangladesh USA Eastern Bank Of Bangladesh Services Eastern Bank Of Bangladesh Mutual Funds Eastern Bank Of Bangladesh Branch Eastern Bank Of Bangladesh NRI Account Banking subsidiaries: Eastern Bank of Narayanganj (EBN) Eastern Bank of Sylhet (EBS) Eastern Bank of Chittagong (EBC) Eastern Bank of Barisal (EBB) Eastern Bank of Rajshahi (EBR) Eastern Bank of Khulna (EBK) Eastern Bank of Ishwardi (EBI) Foreign subsidiaries: Eastern Bank of Bangladesh International (Mauritius) Ltd. Eastern Bank of Bangladesh (California). Eastern Bank of Bangladesh (Canada). INMB Bank Ltd, Lagos. Non- banking subsidiaries: EBL Capital Market s Ltd (EBLCAP) EBL Funds Management Pvt. Ltd (EBL Funds) EBL DFHI Ltd (EBL DFHI) EBL Factors and Commercial Services Pvt. Ltd (EBL Factors) EBL Cards Payments Services Pvt. Ltd. (EBLCPSL) Joint ventures: EBL Life Insurance Company Ltd (EBL Life). Activities: Eastern Bank of Bangladesh administrative structure is well equipped to oversee the large network of branches in Bangladesh and abroad. The State Bank of India has 14 local head offices and 34 zonal offices which are located at important cities spread throughout the country. Eastern Bank Of Bangladesh has 52 foreign offices in 34 countries across the globe. The corporate accounts group is a strategic business unit of the bank set up exclusively to fulfill the specialized banking needs of top corporate in the country. The main activities of are into- Personal banking. NRI services. Agriculture. International. Corporate. Domestic treasury. Eastern Bank Of Bangladesh offers the follo wing services to its customers Domestic Treasury. SBI Vishwa Yatra Foreign Travel Card. Broking services. Revised service charge. ATM services. Internet Banking. E-Pay. E-Rail. RBIEFT. Safe Deposit Lockers. Gift Cheques. MICR Codes. Foreign Inward Remittances. 5. METHODOLOGY My research is an academic activity which deals with the long term changes happened in the Eastern Bank of Bangladesh which is the largest public financial institution in Bangladesh. My research comprise of studying the companys history and analyze its banking system which reveals many driving force and hindering force for its transitional change on large scale. My analysis is further backed by quantitative analysis using the latest PESTAL and other relevant models which we are going to reveal further in our project as I proceed. To make sure what I am presenting, the case of change is viewed from outside the organization and also from its outside macro environment. I am not actively involved in this change but are observing and gathering all the information and data from very significant resources and also from the people who were/ are employee or other words anyhow directly or indirectly involved in this organization during the whole tenure of happening of these changes. 5.1 Approach I understand the concept of this topic and going to take all major approaches to make my project successful and knowledge worthy. The question and the guidelines are carefully chosen and sentenced so that we can get accurate information required for our project. The following methods are chosen for gathering information:- Personal interviews Telephonic interviews Electronic media( TV, radio, internet, online journal articles) Mail and e-mail Newspaper, articles, business magazines Group discussion. Observation and experience Unit lecturer MR. LLANDIS BARRAT-PUGH We are generating a debate in a class to find out more on this subject of change in SBI. Argumentative discussion is most welcome. We want our proposal to be challenged.    5.2 Limitations of this Proposal My research is basically concentrated on the EBL banks and its alliances which is the largest private sector bank of Bangladesh. So we cannot analyze all about the other banking system on the basis this research. Being such a great organization which has spread its arms nationally and internationally, its hard for the research to take into account all the variables of its different branches at different locations. 6. SELF SYNOPSIS Being a passive leader, i understand the drawback of not involving actively in the organization. But as a customer, i observed the trends and culture from its prevailing environment. We put lot of effort to find out, why and how they brought the changes in the system and what are the impacts of the changes on society and on the organization. Being a leader, we evaluated these changes and drawn a conclusion of its advantages and disadvantages. Leader always back up the changes for its positive effect and keep him focused and involved in the core values of the changes. He is solely responsible for his own behavior and actions. Detailed approach has been taken to each and every point of this proposal and studied the concept in depth. 7. SUGGESTIONS Based on our personnel research and observation we found that private sectors are not that much efficient in comparison with the public sector. Still they have to go a long way to improve their capabilities. They also need to put into practice the training requirements for the existing and new employees to make the system more efficient and increase the knowledge to use the new technology changing with time. They should also need to create a culture of sharing knowledge among the other colleagues so that they would be able to build trustworthy and strong team. Therefore, the private sector banks must emphasize on change management. This whole proposal state that EBL has emerged as a bright leader who has rectified its weakness and worked on its strength and reduced its threat  and grab the opportunities. Focus on key issues What are the driving forces behind these changes? How EBL gone has undergone the transformational change or otherwise would have gone out of business/ dead? What is the reason of these driving forces which made EBL to take big step (is it because of globalization, technology, political, economical or the social)?   8.CONCLUSION After carefully considering the diagnosis of the organization which has gone through the tremendous change, we concluded that it was necessary to do so and they have done it very carefully after analyzing the whole situation which involved its major competitors, political, economical, legal, environmental, social and technological and its own structure and culture. We also felt proud to do this proposal of this great organization because it not only survived during the critical transformational change as we know where most of the organization at that point went out of business/site but his organization was lucky and well kept on its strategic change decision by which not only survived but also came out with flying colors. It is one of the largest network organizations in the present time giving edge of competition to its competitor and new entrants. Its capabilities, capacity and diversity are the focus of this whole change which was not only about the top man agers but also about the junior employees who showed the enthusiasm towards this structural and cultural change. The company, not only, empowered the top level but also the lower level employees to bring this effective change. The size and complexity was a major concerned of this change in which the organization didnt show any sign of reluctance to invest and understand the lack of urgency. We also put our efforts to see its culture web which include stories like celebrating its success, spreading the good news about people and what they are doing, thanking and rewarding people and the mistakes they have made and learn from them. The paradigm of this organization show us valuing diversity, learning culture, strong work ethics, loyalty commitment and outward looking / forward thinking/ innovative.